IL-9 Abrogates the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer by Controlling Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Cellular Contractility

Abstract IL-9 is produced by Th9 cells and classically known as a growth-promoting cytokine. Although protumorigenic functions of are described in T cell lymphoma, recently, we others have reported anti-tumor activities melanoma mediated mast CD8+ cells. However, involvement invasive breast cervical cancer remains unexplored. In this study, demonstrate IL-9–dependent inhibition metastasis both human (MDA-MB-231 MCF-7) (HeLa) tumor physiological three-dimensional invasion assays. To dissect underlying mechanisms IL-9–mediated suppression invasion, analyzed pathways metastasis, including proteolysis, contractility, focal adhesion dynamics. markedly blocked cell–collagen degradation, highlighting the effects on extracellular matrix remodeling. Moreover, significantly reduced phosphorylation myosin L chain resultant actomyosin contractility also increased formation. Finally, suppressed IL-17– IFN-γ–induced (MDA-MB-231) conclusion, inhibits metastatic potential controlling remodeling cellular contractility.